This article was first published on the Absolutley Education website and was written by Libby Norman.

Katy Alexander is creating educational games designed to help children aim high – superhero high – and it all started with her daughter's confusion over whether girls could inhabit the world of science. She says: "We were walking home one day and my daughter asked me if she could be an astronaut – she wanted to know if this was a job that girls could do."

Alexander recognised that her daughter, then aged three, had picked up on a real issue. "If you can't see yourself in a role, you are less likely to engage with or pursue the subject matter", she says. "Even at the age of three children attach labels to themselves – 'I'm a girl, and girls do/don't do that'.

What made Alexander's realisation more poignant is that she has a career in STEM herself. She attended medical school (leaving when she decided she was too squeamish to be a doctor) before moving into scientific publishing at journals such as BMJ and Nature. Now she is marketing and communications director at Digital Science, which provides investment and support to cutting-edge science and technology research sectors. Alexander says female STEM pioneers still tend to be overlooked. While people may now know about the work of Ada Lovelace and Mary Seacole, chemist Alice Ball (developer of the first modern leprosy treatment) and physicist Chien-Shiung Wu (after whom the Wu parity experiment is named) have had little coverage and only recent credit for their achievements. In a recent blog post for Digital Science Alexander noted that: "We need to start much, much earlier in helping young boys and girls of any ethnicity or ability to understand that STEM-related professions can be their future".

"We need to start much, much earlier in helping young boys and girls to understand that STEM-related professions can be their future"

As a past Wikimedia volunteer on the regular 'edit-a-thon' events that seek to improve the skewed gender balance of biographies on Wikipedia, Alexander had an existing knowledge of many lesser-known female pioneers. Her daughter's throwaway comment set her wondering how she could help change the future landscape – and that's how The Remarkablz came into being. She has always enjoyed creating art as a hobby, but also the experience of playing traditional card and board games. She began by designing simple cards for her daughter to play with, working in the evenings to create the images and stories around them. She initially envisaged them as trading cards, but over time they morphed into Top Quarkz, a version of the card game Top Trumps.

While it was originally designed just for her family to use, this custom-made pack of playing cards attracted interest. Alexander says: "Friends with children started asking about it, and we got feedback from parents when we took the cards out with us to restaurants". Originally she had designed the cards with a muted palette that was appealing to adults, but she soon realised that children became much more engaged when colours were vibrant, so added a bolder Pop Art style to the superhero portraits. "Whereas adults will be polite, getting feedback from children is tough," says Alexander. "If they hate something they will throw it back at you!" After around five months' testing, the prototype went into production.

"My daughter asked me if she could be an astronaut – she wanted to know if this was a job that girls could do"

The Top Trumps method of play is maintained in Top Quarkz, so picking the highest or lowest number is key to beating your opponents. Each of the pack's 40 superheroes is assigned numeric values for scientific field, superpower (Einstein's superpower is 'space-time control', while Mary Seacole's is 'empathic healing'), location, sidekick and weakness. The superhero's weakness can be something related to their field or their life story – asteroids for Victorian palaeontologist Mary Anning and horses for inveterate gambler Ada Lovelace. Four joker-style cards add extra spice – Gluon Superpower Enhancement enables you to win a hand, while the Up Quarkz card lets you skip your turn. Each superhero's achievements are described briefly on their card and in a way designed to encourage curiosity. Who wouldn't want to find out more about curator of reptiles at London Zoo Joan Beauchamp Procter after finding out that she once took a pet crocodile to school – St Paul's Girls', incidentally – to show to her classmates? While the facts and illustrations are engaging, Alexander believes one of the game's chief benefits is that families can play together and on the move – a social alternative to solo gaming and screen time.

"If you can't see yourself in a role, you are less likely to engage with or pursue the subject matter", she says. "Even at the age of three children attach labels to themselves – 'I'm a girl, and girls do/don't do that'."